Britannica
Born on July 28
Born on July 28
- Antonio, Nicolas
- Antonio, Nicolás (b. July 28/31, 1617,
Seville--d. April 13, 1684, Madrid), first systematic
historian of Spanish literature. His
Bibliotheca Hispana appeared in two
parts (Nova, 1672;
Vetus, 1696). The first is a vast
bibliography of Peninsular and Spanish colonial writers
after 1500, with critical evaluations. The second, a history
of Peninsular literature from the reign of Augustus to 1500,
marks the emergence of modern bibliography and the
transformation of literary history into a scholarly
discipline. A second edition (1788; vol. 1 of the
Nova dated 1783), with additions from
Antonio's manuscripts, is still consulted.
- Phillips, Stephen
- Phillips, Stephen (b. July 28, 1864, Summertown,
Oxfordshire, Eng.--d. Dec. 9, 1915, Deal, Kent),
English actor and poet who was briefly successful as a
playwright.
- Perrine, Charles Dillon
- Perrine, Charles Dillon (b. July 28, 1867, Steubenville,
Ohio, U.S.--d. June 21, 1951, Villa General Mitre,
Arg.), U.S. astronomer who discovered the sixth and seventh
moons of Jupiter in 1904 and 1905, respectively. In 1904 he
published a calculation of the solar parallax (a measure of
the Earth-Sun distance) based on observations of the
minor planet Eros during one of its close approaches to the
Earth.
- Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich
- Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich, Cherenkov also spelled
CERENKOV (b. July 28 [July 15, Old
Style], 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia--d. Jan. 6, 1990,
U.S.S.R.), corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in
1958 with Igor Y. Tamm and Ilya M. Frank, both also of the
Soviet Union, for their investigation and interpretation of
the phenomenon called Cherenkov radiation (
q.v.).
- Formstecher, Solomon
- Formstecher, Solomon (b. July 28, 1808, Offenbach, Hesse
[Germany]--d. April 24, 1889, Offenbach), Jewish
idealist philosopher who was rabbi at Offenbach from 1842.
Die Religion des Geistes (1841;
"The Religion of the Spirit") is considered
the most complete exposition of his philosophy and a
thorough systematization of Judaism. He believed there were
only two basic religions: the religion of nature (paganism)
and the religion of spirit (Judaism). He thought the essence
of Judaism was ethical. Its ethics, adulterated by myth and
art, were also disseminated by Christianity and
Islam but existed in purest form in Judaism.
- Machen, John Gresham
- Machen, John Gresham (b. July 28, 1881, Baltimore--d.
Jan. 1, 1937, Bismarck, N.D., U.S.), U.S. Presbyterian
scholar (Princeton Theological Seminary) who joined in
forming the doctrinally conservative Presbyterian Church in
America (1936; later named the Orthodox Presbyterian Church)
after his suspension from the ministry by the General
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., for his
opposition to modern liberal revision of the 17th-century
English Presbyterian creed, the Westminster Confession of
Faith. Criticizing Liberal Protestantism as unbiblical and
unhistorical in his Christianity and
Liberalism (1923), he left Princeton (1929) to
help found Westminster Theological Seminary in
Philadelphia.
- Miro (Ferrer), Gabriel
- Miró (Ferrer), Gabriel (b. July 28, 1879, Alicante,
Spain--d. May 27, 1930, Madrid), Spanish writer
distinguished for the finely wrought but difficult style and
rich, imaginative vocabulary of his essays, stories, and
novels.
- Sannazzaro, Jacopo
- Sannazzaro, Jacopo (b. July 28, 1456, Naples
[Italy]--d. April 24, 1530, Naples), Italian poet
whose Arcadia was the first
pastoral romance and, until the rise of the Romantic
movement, one of the most influential and popular works of
Italian literature.
- Vallee, Rudy
- Vallee, Rudy, byname of HUBERT
PRIOR
VALLEE (b. July 28, 1901, Island
Pond, Vt., U.S.--d. July 3, 1986, North Hollywood,
Calif.), one of the most popular American singers of the
1920s and '30s. His collegiate style as a singing
bandleader made him a national figure.
- Leyster, Judith
- Leyster, Judith (b. July 28, 1609, Haarlem, Neth.--d.
Feb. 10, 1660, Heemstede, near Amsterdam), Dutch painter,
one of the few female artists of the era to have emerged
from obscurity. Among her known works are portraits and
genre and still-life paintings.
- Anderson, Mary
- Anderson, Mary (b. July 28, 1859, Sacramento, Calif.,
U.S.--d. May 29, 1940, Broadway, Worcestershire,
Eng.), American actress who achieved great popularity
because of her exceptional beauty and highly successful
publicity.
- Lipps, Theodor
- Lipps, Theodor (b. July 28, 1851, Wallhalben, Bavaria
[Germany]--d. Oct. 17, 1914, Munich), German
psychologist best known for his theory of aesthetics,
particularly the concept of
Einfühlung, or empathy,
which he described as the act of projecting oneself into the
object of a perception.
- Fitzsimmons, Fat Freddie
- Fitzsimmons, Fat Freddie, byname of
FREDERICK
LANDIS
FITZSIMMONS (b. July 28, 1901,
Mishawaka, Ind., U.S.--d. Nov. 18, 1979, Yucca Valley,
Calif.), U.S. professional National League right-handed
baseball pitcher, who was famous for his windup in which he
rotated his pitching arm while twisting his body so that he
faced second base before turning to deliver the pitch. His
best pitch was a knuckle ball.
- Bosendorfer, Ignaz
- Bösendorfer, Ignaz (b. July 28, 1796, Vienna,
Austria--d. April 14, 1859, Vienna), Austrian builder
of pianos and founder of the firm that bears his name.
- Fabre d'Eglantine, Philippe(-Francois-Nazaire)
- Fabre d'Églantine,
Philippe(-François-Nazaire) (b. July 28, 1750,
Carcassonne, Fr.--d. April 5, 1794, Paris), French
political dramatic satirist and prominent figure in the
French Revolution; as deputy in the National Convention he
voted for the death of Louis XVI. He added the appellation
d'Églantine to his surname, Fabre, after
falsely claiming that he had won a golden eglantine in a
literary competition. After publishing the poem
Étude de la nature (1783;
"Study of Nature"), he wrote many comedies,
the most celebrated--Le Philinte de
Molière (1790), a sequel to
Molière's Misanthrope
--in which the major characters are drawn as a
politically dangerous aristocrat and a virtuous Republican.
His best known work is the song "Il pleut, il pleut,
bergère" ("It's raining,
it's raining, shepherdess"), a song which
French children still sing today.
- Grisi, Giulia
- Grisi, Giulia (b. July 28, 1811, Milan, Italy--d. Nov.
29, 1869, Berlin, Prussia [Germany]), Italian soprano whose
brilliant dramatic voice established her as an operatic
prima donna for more than 30 years.
- Fearing, Kenneth (Flexner)
- Fearing, Kenneth (Flexner) (b. July 28, 1902, Oak Park,
Ill., U.S.--d. June 26, 1961, New York, N.Y.),
American poet and novelist who used an array of topical
phrases and idiom in his satires of urban life.
- Muti, Riccardo
- Muti, Riccardo (b. July 28, 1941, Naples, Italy), Italian
conductor of both opera and the symphonic repertory.
- Namatjira, Albert
- Namatjira, Albert (b. July 28, 1902, Hermannsburg, near
Alice Springs, N.Terr., Australia--d. Aug. 8, 1959,
Alice Springs), Australian Aborigine painter noted for his
watercolour landscapes of desertlike central Australia.
- Sobers, Sir Garfield (St. Auburn)
- Sobers, Sir Garfield (St. Auburn), byname
SIR GARRY
SOBERS (b. July 28,
1936, Bridgetown, Barbados), West Indian cricketer,
considered by many authorities the most gifted all-around
player of all time. As a batsman he established a record for
Test (international) matches by scoring 365 runs, not out,
in a single innings (West Indies versus Pakistan,
1957-58 season). He was also exceptional in bowling
and in close-to-the-wicket fielding.
- Bradley, Bill
- Bradley, Bill, byname of WILLIAM
WARREN
BRADLEY (b. July 28, 1943, Crystal
City, Mo., U.S.), collegiate and professional basketball
player, who after retirement from the game became a U.S.
senator.
- Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy
- Kraszewski, Józef Ignacy (b. July 28, 1812, Warsaw,
Duchy of Warsaw [now in Poland]--d. March 19, 1887,
Geneva, Switz.), Polish novelist, poet, literary critic,
dramatist, historian, and journalist who was the dominant
figure among prose writers of Poland's Romantic
period.
- Townes, Charles Hard
- Townes, Charles Hard (b. July 28, 1915, Greenville, S.C.,
U.S.), American physicist, joint winner with the Soviet
physicists Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Prokhorov and Nikolay
Gennadiyevich Basov of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964
for his investigations into what later became known as
quantum electronics and specifically for his role in the
invention of the maser and the laser.
- Jaspar, Henri
- Jaspar, Henri (b. July 28, 1870, Schaerbeek, Belg.--d.
Feb. 15, 1939, Brussels), Belgian statesman and one of his
country's chief negotiators in the peace conferences
following World War I. As prime minister (1926-31),
he resolved a serious financial crisis at the outset of his
ministry.
- Lowe, Sir Hudson
- Lowe, Sir Hudson (b. July 28, 1769, Galway, County Galway,
Ire.--d. Jan. 10, 1844, London, Eng.), British
general, governor of St. Helena when Napoleon I was held
captive there; he was widely criticized for his unbending
treatment of the former emperor.
- Piccard, Jacques (-Ernest-Jean)
- Piccard, Jacques (-Ernest-Jean) (b. July 28, 1922,
Brussels), Swiss oceanic engineer, economist, and physicist,
who helped his father, Auguste Piccard, build the
bathyscaphe for deep-sea exploration and who also invented
the mesoscaphe, an undersea vessel for exploring middle
depths.
- Ashbery, John (Lawrence)
- Ashbery, John (Lawrence) (b. July 28, 1927, Rochester, N.Y.,
U.S.), American poet noted for the elegance, originality,
and obscurity of his poetry.
- Popper, Sir Karl
- Popper, Sir Karl, in full KARL RAIMUND
POPPER (b. July 28, 1902, Vienna, Austria),
Austrian-born British philosopher of natural and social
science who subscribed to antideterminist metaphysics,
believing that knowledge evolves from experience of the
mind.
- Cope, Edward Drinker
- Cope, Edward Drinker (b. July 28, 1840, Philadelphia, Pa.,
U.S.--d. April 12, 1897, Philadelphia), paleontologist
who discovered approximately a thousand species of extinct
vertebrates in the United States and led a revival of
Lamarckian evolutionary theory, based largely on
paleontological views.
- Blumberg, Baruch S(amuel)
- Blumberg, Baruch S(amuel) (b. July 28, 1925, New York City),
American research physician whose discovery of an antigen
that provokes antibody response against hepatitis B led to
the development by other researchers of a successful vaccine
against the disease. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine in 1976 with D. Carleton Gajdusek for their work
on the origins and spread of infectious viral diseases.
- Sturmer, Boris Vladimirovich
- Sturmer, Boris Vladimirovich, Strumer also spelled
SHTYURMER (b. July 28 [July 16, old
style], 1848--d. Sept. 2, 1917, Petrograd, Russia),
Russian public official, who served as prime minister,
minister of the interior, and minister of foreign affairs
during World War I.
- Toutin, Jean and Henri
- Toutin, Jean and Henri (respectively, b. 1578,
Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loire, Fr.--d. June
14, 1644, Paris; b. July 28, 1614,
Châteaudun--d. c
. 1683, Paris), French enamelworkers, father and son,
known for their fine enamel miniature paintings. Jean Toutin
was one of the first artists to make enamel portrait
miniatures.
- Bridges, Harry
- Bridges, Harry, original name ALFRED
BRYANT RENTON BRIDGES (b. July 28, 1901,
Kensington, near Melbourne, Vic., Australia--d. March
30, 1990, San Francisco, Calif., U.S.), Australian-born
American labour leader, president of the San Francisco-based
International Longshoremen's and
Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) from 1937 to 1977.
- d'Amboise, Jacques
- d'Amboise, Jacques, original name
JACQUES JOSEPH
AHEARN (b. July 28, 1934, Dedham, Mass.,
U.S.), dancer and choreographer of the New York City Ballet
(1949-84), admired for his energetic, virile
interpretations of both character and classical roles.
- Potter, (Helen) Beatrix
- Potter, (Helen) Beatrix (b. July 28, 1866, South Kensington,
Middlesex, Eng.--d. Dec. 22, 1943, Sawrey,
Lancashire), English author of children's books, who
created Peter Rabbit, Jeremy Fisher, Jemima Puddle-Duck,
Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle, and other animal characters.
- Sarraut, Albert
- Sarraut, Albert, in full ALBERT
-PIERRE SARRAUT (b.
July 28, 1872, Bordeaux, Fr.--d. Nov. 26, 1962,
Paris), French Radical-Socialist statesman most noted for
his colonial policy and liberal rule as governor-general of
Indochina.
- Lloyd, (John) Selwyn (Brooke)
- Lloyd, (John) Selwyn (Brooke), also called (1976-78)
JOHN SELWYN BROOKE SELWYN
-LLOYD, BARON SELWYN
-LLOYD OF WIRRAL (b.
July 28, 1904, Liverpool--d. May 17, 1978, Preston
Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, Eng.), British Conservative
politician who was foreign secretary during Britain's
diplomatic humiliation in the Suez crisis of 1956 and later
chancellor of the exchequer under Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan.
- Lowry, (Clarence) Malcolm
- Lowry, (Clarence) Malcolm (b. July 28, 1909, Birkenhead,
Cheshire, Eng.--d. June 27, 1957, Ripe, Sussex),
English novelist, short-story writer, and poet whose
masterwork is Under the Volcano
(1947; reissued 1962). It was begun in 1936 and is redolent
of that period, when the world itself seemed to be lurching
toward self-destruction.
- Cassirer, Ernst
- Cassirer, Ernst (b. July 28, 1874, Breslau, Silesia,
Ger.--d. April 13, 1945, New York City), German Jewish
philosopher, educator, and prolific writer remembered for
his interpretation and analysis of cultural values.
- Ancillon, Charles
- Ancillon, Charles (b. July 28, 1659, Metz, Fr.--d.
July 5, 1715, Berlin), lawyer, educator, and historian, who
was the leader of the French Protestant refugees in Germany.
Ancillon played an important role in advancing the
intellectual and educational interests of that community.
- Feuerbach, Ludwig (Andreas)
- Feuerbach, Ludwig (Andreas) (b. July 28, 1804, Landshut,
Bavaria--d. Sept. 13, 1872, Rechenberg, Ger.), German
philosopher and moralist remembered for his influence on
Karl Marx and for his humanistic theologizing.
- Mayo FAMILY
- Mayo FAMILY, the most famous
group of physicians in the United States. Three generations
of the Mayo family, pioneers in the practice of group
medicine, established the world-renowned Mayo Clinic and the
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research at
Rochester, Minn.
- Ibn al-'Arabi
- Ibn al-'Arabi,
in full MUHYI
AD-DIN
ABU '
ABD ALLAH
MUHAMMAD
IBN '
ALI IBN
MUHAMMAD
IBN AL
-'ARABI
AL-HATIMI
AT-
TA'I
IBN AL
-'ARABI, also
called ASH-
SHAYKH AL
-AKBAR (b. July 28,
1165, Murcia, Valencia--d. Nov. 16, 1240, Damascus),
celebrated Muslim mystic-philosopher who gave the esoteric,
mystical dimension of Islamic thought its first
full-fledged philosophic expression. His major works are the
monumental al-Futuhat
al-Makkiyah
("The Meccan Revelations") and
Fusus al-hikam (1229;
"The Bezels of Wisdom").
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley (b. July 28, 1844, Stratford, Essex,
Eng.--d. June 8, 1889, Dublin), English poet and
Jesuit priest, one of the most individual of Victorian
writers. His work was not published in collected form until
1918, but it influenced many leading 20th-century poets.
- Duchamp, Marcel
- Duchamp, Marcel (b. July 28, 1887, Blainville, Fr.--d.
Oct. 2, 1968, Neuilly), French artist who broke down the
boundaries between works of art and everyday objects. After
the sensation caused by "Nude Descending a Staircase,
No. 2" (1912), he painted few other pictures. His
irreverence for conventional aesthetic standards led him to
devise his famous ready-mades and heralded an artistic
revolution. Duchamp was friendly with the Dadaists, and in
the 1930s he helped to organize Surrealist exhibitions. He
became a U.S. citizen in 1955.
- Dodington, George Bubb, BARON MELCOMBE OF MELCOMBE-REGIS
- Dodington, George Bubb, BARON
MELCOMBE
OF MELCOMBE
-REGIS, original name
(until 1717) GEORGE
BUBB (b. 1691--d. July 28,
1762, Hammersmith, Middlesex, Eng.), English politician, a
career office seeker who was the subject of a satirical
engraving by William Hogarth, "Chairing the
Members" (1758), and kept a diary (published 1784)
that remains one of the best sources on British politics of
his time.
- .Tyrconnell, Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of, BARON OF DONEGALL
- .Tyrconnell, Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of,
BARON OF D
ONEGALL,
also called RODERICK O
'DONNELL (b.
1575--d. July 28, 1608, Rome [Italy]), Irish chieftain
who rebelled against the English and died in exile.
- Massine, Leonide
- Massine, Léonide, original name
LEONID
FYODOROVICH
MIASSIN (b. Aug. 9 [July 28, Old
Style], 1896, Moscow--d. March 15, 1979, Cologne,
W.Ger.), dancer and innovative choreographer of more than 50
ballets, one of the most important figures in 20th-century
dance.
Copyright (c) 1994, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.